{"id":9363,"date":"2026-05-07T15:16:00","date_gmt":"2026-05-07T13:16:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inoc.it\/the-thyroid-in-women-the-10-most-frequently-asked-questions\/"},"modified":"2026-08-28T13:15:24","modified_gmt":"2026-08-28T11:15:24","slug":"the-thyroid-in-women-the-10-most-frequently-asked-questions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inoc.it\/en\/the-thyroid-in-women-the-10-most-frequently-asked-questions\/","title":{"rendered":"The Thyroid in Women: The 10 Most Frequently Asked Questions"},"content":{"rendered":"\t<div id=\"block_69fc8b7f41f19\" class=\"textimage-block acf-block\">\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n\n<div class=\"flex flex-col gap-y-5 gap-x-36 mb-10 lg:mb-0 lg:flex-row\">\n\t<div class=\"lg:w-1\/2  pt-10 lg:py-20 \">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"-mx-[30px] my-4 lg:hidden\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/inoc.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Borretta-Giorgio.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"w-full\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<p style=\"margin: 0; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 5px;\">Dr.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0; font-weight: bold; color: #ff5733; letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">George Borretta<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 10px 0;\"><i>Endocrinologist on the <a href=\"https:\/\/inoc.it\/en\/medical-area\/otolaryngology\/\">Otolaryngology<\/a><em>Team<\/em><\/i><\/p>\n<p>The clinical statistics speak for themselves: women are significantly more likely to  <strong>highest<\/strong>, compared to men, to develop  <strong>thyroid disorders<\/strong>  throughout one\u2019s life. This gland plays a key role in regulating physical and mental well-being, influencing everything from daily energy levels to fertility. In this article, we answer the 10 most frequently asked questions to shed light on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.  <\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/inoc.it\/it\/doctor\/giorgio-borretta\/\" target=\"\" class=\"w-full md:w-auto btn bg-blue mt-6\">Visit profile<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"hidden lg:block lg:w-1\/2 relative\">\n\t\t<div class=\"h-full\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/inoc.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Borretta-Giorgio.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"w-full h-full object-cover\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t<\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span  id=\"what-is-the-thyroid-gland-and-what-role-does-it-play\" class=\"h2_anchor\"><\/span>What is the thyroid gland, and what role does it play?<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>thyroid gland<\/strong> is a small, butterfly-shaped organ located at the base of the neck. Despite its small size, it acts as the body\u2019s true \u201cpowerhouse.\u201d Its main function is to produce <strong>thyroid hormones<\/strong>, known as <strong>T3<\/strong> and <strong>T4<\/strong>, whose secretion is finely regulated by <strong>TSH<\/strong>, a hormone produced by the pituitary gland in the brain. These hormones directly influence <strong>metabolism<\/strong>, controlling the rate at which the body burns calories, heart rate, and body temperature regulation. Proper <strong>thyroid function<\/strong> is therefore essential for maintaining the body\u2019s overall balance.    <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The thyroid can be thought of as the body&#8217;s thermostat: if it doesn&#8217;t function properly, the entire body is affected, from body temperature to mood.<\/h3>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span  id=\"why-do-thyroid-disorders-affect-women-more-than-men\" class=\"h2_anchor\"><\/span>Why do thyroid disorders affect women more than men?<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The incidence of thyroid disorders is significantly higher among women. Just consider that, with regard to <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/inoc.it\/en\/pathology\/thyroid-tumors-and-endocrine-glands\/\" type=\"pathology\" id=\"104\">thyroid cancers<\/a><\/strong>, an estimated 11,378 new cases were diagnosed in 2024: 3,056 among men and 8,322 among women (Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aiom.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/2025_NDC_web.pdf\"><strong>AIOM \u2013 Cancer Statistics in Italy 2025<\/strong><\/a>). This vulnerability is primarily linked to the complex relationship between <strong>estrogen and the thyroid<\/strong>, as female hormones constantly interact with the gland\u2019s cells. Furthermore, women have a greater genetic predisposition toward<strong>thyroid autoimmunity<\/strong>, a condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the gland, as occurs in <strong>Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis<\/strong>.   <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A woman&#8217;s predisposition is a biological fact; for this reason, women with a family history of the condition are advised to undergo preventive screenings starting at a young age.<\/h3>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span  id=\"at-what-stages-of-life-are-women-most-at-risk\" class=\"h2_anchor\"><\/span>At what stages of life are women most at risk?<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The hormonal fluctuations typical of female biology make certain <strong>stages of a woman\u2019s life<\/strong> particularly critical. <strong>Puberty<\/strong> places significant strain on the thyroid; the gland must respond to new physiological stimuli that can sometimes trigger imbalances in hormone production. Later, <strong>during pregnancy<\/strong>, the <strong>thyroid<\/strong> faces an extraordinary workload that can continue into the postpartum period. Finally, the <strong>thyroid gland<\/strong> goes through a delicate period <strong>during menopause<\/strong>: the drop in estrogen can disrupt the gland\u2019s balance and cause symptoms\u2014such as fatigue and hot flashes\u2014that are similar to those of thyroid dysfunction. This similarity often makes it difficult to distinguish whether the discomfort is due to <strong>menopause<\/strong> or an actual thyroid problem.    <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Excessive fatigue and brittle hair and nails should not be underestimated: often, they are not just due to \u201cstress,\u201d but are signs of a thyroid disorder that requires medical evaluation to prevent the imbalance from worsening.<\/h3>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span  id=\"what-are-the-most-common-thyroid-disorders-in-women\" class=\"h2_anchor\"><\/span>What are the most common thyroid disorders in women?<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The most common problems range from functional imbalances to structural changes in the gland.<strong>Hypothyroidism<\/strong>, often caused by <strong>Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis<\/strong>, occurs when the thyroid produces fewer hormones than necessary. Conversely,<strong>hyperthyroidism<\/strong>, as seen in <strong>Graves\u2019 disease<\/strong>, indicates excessive hormone production. Many women also experience <strong>thyroid nodules<\/strong> or a general enlargement of the gland known as <strong>a goiter<\/strong>. Finally, <strong>postpartum thyroiditis<\/strong>\u2014a temporary inflammation that affects new mothers in the months following childbirth\u2014is not uncommon.    <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Most thyroid nodules are benign, but it is essential to monitor them over time with the help of a specialist.<\/h3>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span  id=\"can-thyroid-disorders-be-prevented\" class=\"h2_anchor\"><\/span>Can thyroid disorders be prevented?<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The prevention of thyroid diseases<\/strong> is based primarily on proper nutrition and healthy habits. The most effective strategy is <strong>iodine prophylaxis<\/strong>, which involves regularly using <strong>iodized salt<\/strong> in cooking to ensure the gland gets the right \u201cfuel.\u201d In addition to diet, it is essential to maintain a <strong>lifestyle that <\/strong>excludes smoking, which is considered a risk factor for the development of goiter.  <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Iodized salt is a simple, everyday habit that can make a significant difference to thyroid health.<\/h3>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span  id=\"how-are-thyroid-disorders-diagnosed\" class=\"h2_anchor\"><\/span><strong>How are thyroid disorders diagnosed?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The thyroid diagnostic<\/strong> process usually begins with simple <strong>blood tests<\/strong> to measure <strong>TSH<\/strong>, T3, and T4 levels, as well as testing for <strong>anti-TPO and <\/strong> <strong>anti-thyroglobulin<\/strong> <strong>antibodies <\/strong>to rule out autoimmune causes. If blood test results are abnormal or a swelling is felt in the neck, the specialist will order<strong>a thyroid ultrasound<\/strong>, a painless test that evaluates the gland\u2019s structure. If suspicious nodules are present,<strong>a thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsy<\/strong> is performed for a detailed cellular analysis. These <strong>thyroid screening<\/strong> tools now make it possible to identify any issues with extreme precision.   <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span  id=\"what-are-the-main-treatment-options\" class=\"h2_anchor\"><\/span><strong>What are the main treatment options?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Once a diagnosis has been made, <strong>treatment for hypothyroidism<\/strong> involves taking <strong>levothyroxine<\/strong>, a synthetic hormone that very effectively replaces the missing hormone. As for the <strong>treatment of hyperthyroidism<\/strong>, the initial approach involves medications such as <strong>methimazole<\/strong> to slow down the gland, or <strong>radioiodine<\/strong> therapy. In cases where there is excessive enlargement or a suspicion of malignancy, the definitive solution is <strong>thyroid surgery<\/strong>, known as <strong>a thyroidectomy<\/strong>, which involves the partial or total removal of the gland.  <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">If you start hormone replacement therapy, consistency is the key to success: taking the medication correctly on an empty stomach helps maintain a good quality of life.<\/h3>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span  id=\"the-thyroid-and-pregnancy-what-you-need-to-know\" class=\"h2_anchor\"><\/span><strong>The Thyroid and Pregnancy: What You Need to Know<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Pregnancy<\/strong> puts the thyroid through a rigorous test. It is essential to ensure an adequate intake of <strong>iodine during pregnancy<\/strong>, since in the first few months the <strong>fetus\u2019s thyroid<\/strong> is not yet fully functional and depends entirely on the mother for the development of its nervous system. Untreated <strong>hypothyroidism during pregnancy<\/strong> can pose risks to both the mother and the baby, which is why <strong>thyroid screening during pregnancy<\/strong> and regular monitoring of <strong>TSH levels<\/strong> have become routine tests during pregnancy.  <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">If you&#8217;re planning a pregnancy, it&#8217;s important to have your thyroid checked before conception to ensure that your hormone levels are optimal from day one.<\/h3>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span  id=\"the-thyroid-and-fertility-is-there-a-connection\" class=\"h2_anchor\"><\/span><strong>The Thyroid and Fertility: Is There a Connection?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There is a close correlation between <strong>thyroid function and fertility in women<\/strong>, as thyroid hormones directly influence the maturation of oocytes. Conditions such as<strong>subclinical hypothyroidism<\/strong> or <strong>Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis<\/strong> can make conception more difficult or increase the risk of early miscarriage. For this reason, an evaluation of thyroid function is often the first step recommended for women who are having difficulty getting pregnant.  <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Often, correcting even a mild thyroid imbalance can help resolve the issue and increase the chances of successfully conceiving.<\/h3>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span  id=\"the-thyroid-and-body-weight-whats-the-connection\" class=\"h2_anchor\"><\/span><strong>The Thyroid and Body Weight: What&#8217;s the Connection?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The relationship between <strong>weight and the thyroid in women<\/strong> is one of the most widely discussed topics.<strong>Hypothyroidism can cause weight gain<\/strong> not so much due to a massive accumulation of fat, but rather because of a <strong>slow metabolism<\/strong> that promotes fluid retention and sluggish digestion. Conversely, <strong>weight loss in cases of hyperthyroidism<\/strong> occurs because the body burns energy excessively and uncontrollably. However, restoring proper hormone levels helps normalize weight.   <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The thyroid should not be considered the sole &#8220;culprit&#8221; for being overweight; thyroid treatment helps, but a healthy diet remains essential.<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\n<p style=\"margin: 0; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 5px;\">Dr.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0; font-weight: bold; color: #ff5733; letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">George Borretta<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 10px ... \n\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[61,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9363","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-care","category-non-categorizzato"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Thyroid in Women: The 10 Most Frequently Asked Questions - INOC - Istituto Nazionale Oncologico Candiolo<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"What is the thyroid gland, and what role does it play? 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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped organ located at the base of the neck. Despite its Why do thyroid disorders affect women more? 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